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Emacs is a class of feature-rich text editors, usually characterised by their extensibility. Development began in the mid-70s and, as of 2008, is still active. Emacs text editors are most popular with technically proficient computer users and computer programmers. The most popular version of Emacs is GNU Emacs , a part of the GNU project, which is commonly referred to simply as "Emacs".
The GNU Emacs manual describes it as " the extensible, customizable, self-documenting, real-time display editor. " It is also the most ported of the implementations of Emacs. As of March 2008, the latest stable release of GNU Emacs is version 22.2. The other major Emacs is XEmacs.
The original EMACS was a set of Editor MACroS for the TECO editor. It was written in 1976 by Richard Stallman, initially together with Guy L. Steele, Jr.. It was inspired by the ideas of TECMAC and TMACS, a pair of TECO-macro editors written by Steele, Dave Moon, Richard Greenblatt, Charles Frankston, and others. Aside from GNU Emacs, another version of Emacs in use is XEmacs, which is a fork of GNU Emacs started in 1991. XEmacs has remained mostly compatible and continues to use the same extension language, Emacs Lisp, as GNU Emacs. Almost all of GNU Emacs and XEmacs are written in Emacs Lisp, so the extensibility of Emacs' features is deep.
In Unix culture, Emacs is one of the two main contenders in the traditional editor wars, the other being vi. The word "emacs" is often pluralized as emacsen , by analogy with boxen (itself used by analogy with oxen) and VAXen.